By the Numbers
Estimates for sea level rates for different time periods. Find numbers and respective references for citation.
Total Sea Level
| PERIOD | ESTIMATE (mm/yr) | UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr) | REFERENCE | MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1993 - 2017 | 3.1 | 0.4 | Cazenave et al., 2018 | Satellite altimetry |
| 1901 - 1990 | 1.1 to 1.9 | 0.3 | Dangendorf et al., 2017 | Tide gauge reconstruction |
| 1993 - 2010 | 2.8 to 3.1 | 0.7 to 1.4 | Cazenave et al., 2018 | Tide gauge reconstruction |
Steric Sea Level
| PERIOD | ESTIMATE (mm/yr) | UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr) | REFERENCE | MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1955 - 2010 | 0.5 | 0.1 | Levitus et al., 2008 | XBT/CTD (upper 2000 m) |
| 1950 - 2003 | 0.5 | 0.1 | Domingues et al., 2008 | XBT/CTD (upper 700 m) |
| 1993 - 2016 | 1.3 | 0.4 | Cazenave et al., 2018 | XBT/CTD/Argo Floats (Full Depth) |
| 2005 - 2016 | 1.3 | 0.4 | Cazenave et al., 2018 | XBT/CTD/Argo Floats (Full Depth) |
| 1992 - 2005 | 0.11 | 0.1 | Purkey and Johnson, 2010 | Deep hydrographic sections (below 2000 m) |
Greenland Mass Loss
| PERIOD | ESTIMATE (mm/yr) | UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr) | REFERENCE | MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 - 2015 | 0.76 | 0.1 | Cazenave et al., 2018 | GRACE/ICESat averages |
| 1991 - 2015 | 0.47 | 0.1 | Van Den Broeke et al., 2016 | Mass Budget Method |
| 1992 - 2011 | 0.39 | 0.1 | Shepherd and Ivins et al., 2012 | Data synthesis (IMBIE) |
Antarctic Mass Loss
| PERIOD | ESTIMATE (mm/yr) | UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr) | REFERENCE | MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 - 2015 | 0.38 | 0.06 | Cazenave et al., 2018 | GRACE Averages |
| 1993 - 2015 | 0.25 | 0.1 | Update of Rignot et al., 2011 | Input-Output Method |
| 1992 - 2011 | 0.22 | 0.1 | Shepherd and Ivins et al., 2012 | Data synthesis (IMBIE) |
Glacier Mass Loss
| PERIOD | ESTIMATE (mm/yr) | UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr) | REFERENCE | MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 - 2014 | 0.70 | 0.07 | Update of Gardner et al., 2013 | GRACE/ICESat synthesis |
| 1993 - 2016 | 0.68 | 0.03 | Update of Marzeion et al., 2012 | Data Synthesis |
Land Water Storage
| PERIOD | ESTIMATE (mm/yr) | UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr) | REFERENCE | MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 - 1990 | -0.11 | 0.05 | IPCC AR5 | Anthropogenic Intervention Only |
| 1971 - 2010 | 0.12 | 0.09 | IPCC AR5 | Anthropogenic Intervention Only |
| 1993 - 2010 | 0.38 | 0.11 | IPCC AR5 | Anthropogenic Intervention Only |
| 2002 - 2014 | -0.33 | 0.16 | Reager et al., 2016 | GRACE |
