By the Numbers

Estimates for sea level rates for different time periods. Find numbers and respective references for citation.

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Total Sea Level

PERIOD	ESTIMATE (mm/yr)	UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr)	REFERENCE	MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL
1993 - 2014	2.6-2.9	0.4	Watson et al., 2014	Satellite altimetry and tide gauges
1993 - 2010	3.2	0.4	Nerem et al., 2010	Satellite altimetry
1901 - 2010	1.7	0.2	Church and White, 2011	Tide gauge reconstruction
1993 - 2010	2.8	0.5	Church and White, 2011	Tide gauge reconstruction

Steric Sea Level

PERIOD	ESTIMATE (mm/yr)	UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr)	REFERENCE	MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL
1971 - 2010	0.6	0.2	Domingues et al., 2008	XBT (upper 700 m)
1993 - 2010	0.8	0.3	Domingues et al., 2008	XBT (upper 700 m)
1971 - 2010	0.1	0.1	Levitus et al., 2012	Historical temperature data (XBT, CTD) (700-2000 m)
1993 - 2010	0.2	0.1	Levitus et al., 2012	Historical temperature data (XBT, CTD) (700-2000 m)
1992 - 2005	0.11	0.1	Purkey and Johnson, 2010	Deep hydrographic sections (below 2000 m)

Greenland Mass Loss

PERIOD	ESTIMATE (mm/yr)	UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr)	REFERENCE	MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL
2005 - 2010	0.63	0.17	IPCC AR5	GRACE/ICESat averages
1993 - 2010	0.33	0.08	IPCC AR5	GRACE/ICESat averages
1992 - 2011	0.73	0.26	Shepherd and Ivins et al., 2012	Data synthesis (IMBIE)

Antarctic Mass Loss

PERIOD	ESTIMATE (mm/yr)	UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr)	REFERENCE	MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL
2005 - 2010	0.41	0.2	IPCC AR5	GRACE/ICESat averages
1993 - 2010	0.27	0.11	IPCC AR5	GRACE/ICESat averages
1992 - 2011	0.37	0.28	Shepherd and Ivins et al., 2012	Data synthesis (IMBIE)

Glacier Mass Loss

PERIOD	ESTIMATE (mm/yr)	UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr)	REFERENCE	MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL
2003 - 2009	0.71	0.08	Gardner et al., 2013	GRACE/ICESat synthesis

Land Water Storage

PERIOD	ESTIMATE (mm/yr)	UNCERTAINTY (+- mm/yr)	REFERENCE	MEASUREMENT / FORECAST MODEL
1901 - 1990	-0.11	0.05	IPCC AR5	Anthropogenic Intervention Only
1971 - 2010	0.12	0.09	IPCC AR5	Anthropogenic Intervention Only
1993 - 2010	0.38	0.11	IPCC AR5	Anthropogenic Intervention Only