Glossary

From 2009 through 2019, NASA’s Operation IceBridge flew above the Arctic, Antarctic and Alaska, gathering data on the height, depth, thickness, flow and change of sea ice, glaciers and ice sheets.

A new study finds that the Greenland Ice Sheet has lost 3.8 trillion tons of ice between 1992 and 2018.

Adapting to rising seas will require a broader understanding of coastal systems, and of human responses to sea-level rise, a new study says.

An elephant seal helps scientists understand how the ocean transports heat between its upper and lower layers — important for estimating how much heat the ocean can absorb.

The U.S. and Europe are working together on the first 10-year mission to study global warming's effect on the oceans, extending sea level records to nearly 40 years.

Combining gravitational measurements yields a clearer picture of our planet's true shape.