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Visualization of the expanse of the annual minimum Arctic sea ice for each year from 1979 to 2014 as derived from SSMI data.

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Annual Arctic sea ice minimum 1979-2014 with area graph
Annual Arctic sea ice minimum 1979-2014 with area graph

A quick guide to the science behind sea level rise from an ice-loss perspective, what it means in relatable terms and why it matters.

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On thin ice: Why ice loss matters
Video: On thin ice: Why ice loss matters

TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter sea level anomaly in the Pacific from September 15, 1996 to September 21, 1997.

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El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter sea level anomaly from September 15, 1996 to September 21, 1997
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter sea level anomaly from September 15, 1996 to September 21, 1997

Visualization of sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) from January 1, 2015 to January 22, 2016.

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Sea surface height anomaly
Sea surface height anomaly

Visualization of the formation of an El Niño event towards the end of 2009 followed by a 2010 La Niña event.

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2009 El Niño and 2010 La Niña
2009 El Niño and 2010 La Niña

Image of ocean winds near the surface as observed by NASA's ISS-RapidScat on the International Space Station.

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RapidScat observes El Niño
RapidScat observes El Niño

Fly in 360 degrees over Greenland’s craggy glaciers and other ice formations from NASA’s P-3 aircraft.

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glacier flyover
Greenland's ice from above

Local change and global rise of sea levels, as measured by satellites from 1993 through 2015.

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Rising seas, by decade
Rising seas, by decade

Visualization of the locations of the ARGO buoy array over time.

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ARGO float animation #1
ARGO float animation #1

We know seas are rising and we know why. The urgent questions are by how much and how quickly. 

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Infographic: Sea level rise
Infographic: Sea level rise

Visualization that captures sea surface temperature anomalies around the world from 1982 to 2017.

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Sea surface temperature anomaly timeline: 1982-2017
Sea surface temperature anomaly timeline: 1982-2017

Data from TOPEX/Poseidon was used to produce a computer model of 16 days of tide height.

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TOPEX/Poseidon flat earth tide height model
TOPEX/Poseidon flat earth tide height model

Animation showing “sea level fingerprints,” or patterns of rising and falling sea levels across the globe in response to changes in Earth’s gravitational and rotational fields.

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Monthly changes in gravity affect sea level
Monthly changes in gravity affect sea level

Animated GIF of Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) ship and airborne AIRGrav instrument.

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Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) ship & airborne AIRGrav instrument
Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) ship & AIRGrav instrument - Animated GIF

Map of sea surface height measurements collected by Jason-3 during its first 10 days of orbit.

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Jason-3 begins mapping the ocean
Jason-3 begins mapping the ocean

Graphic showing reconciled estimate of glacier contributions to sea level rise.

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Regional assessments of glacier mass
Regional assessments of glacier mass

NASA's Oceans Melting Greenland (OMG) and Operation IceBridge missions investigate Greenland's thinning ice sheets from above and below.

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Greenland's thinning ice
Greenland's thinning ice

Animation showing mass changes over Greenland with a colorbar, graph and clock overlay.

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Greenland ice sheet mass changes from NASA GSFC GRACE mascon solutions with banded color scale
Greenland ice sheet mass changes from NASA GSFC GRACE mascon solutions with banded color scale

TOPEX-Poseidon altimeter sea level anomaly in the Pacific from August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997.

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El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter sea level anomaly from August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997
El Niño: TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter sea level anomaly from August 1, 1996 to August 3, 1997

Visualization of the locations of the ARGO buoy array over time (with faster camera move).

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ARGO float animation #2
ARGO float animation #2

Join NASA Earth scientists for a 360-degree view of our planet as they head into the field to study ice in Greenland and coral reefs in Hawaii.

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Earth 360 Video: The Call of Science
Earth 360 Video: The Call of Science

The great Ice Age glaciers rise and fall in thousands of years per second.

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Video: Watch glaciers rise, fall in thousands of years per second
Video: Watch glaciers rise, fall in thousands of years per second

Whiteboard animation explaining Greenland's melting ice sheet as climate change's canary in a coal mine.

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NASA's Earth Minute: Greenland ice
NASA's Earth Minute: Greenland ice

Visualization of the average yearly change in ice sheet mass during 2003-2010 over Greenland and Antarctica.

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Ice sheet mass balance from GRACE
Ice sheet mass balance from GRACE

A visualization of how sea level fluctuates around the world.

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Monitoring sea level
Monitoring sea level