{"nav_items":[{"name":"Sea Level 101","link":"/sea-level-101/introduction/","target":"_self","sections":[{"items":[{"name":"Introduction","link":"/sea-level-101/introduction/","target":"_self","id":183},{"name":"Global Sea Level Rise","link":"/sea-level-101/global-sea-level-rise/the-basics/","target":"_self","id":184},{"name":"Local Sea Level Change","link":"/sea-level-101/local-sea-level-change/the-basics/","target":"_self","id":187},{"name":"How We Measure","link":"/sea-level-101/how-we-measure/the-basics/","target":"_self","id":191},{"name":"Future Sea Level","link":"/sea-level-101/future-sea-level/the-basics/","target":"_self","id":194},{"name":"Impacts","link":"/sea-level-101/impacts/the-basics/","target":"_self","id":197}]}],"id":182,"style":"gallery","meganav_style":"","features":[{"title":"IMPACTS","body":"

Flooding during high tides and storms will worsen in many locations worldwide due to sea level rise.

","subtitle":"Sea levels are rising faster due to the changing climate — here’s how we know and why.","image_src":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcG9LIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--9e54c3940ca538a75ff86c4f98c2a13264d4f63c/gallery-feature-impacts.jpg","link":"/sea-level-101/global-sea-level-rise/the-basics/","link_text":"What are the impacts of sea level rise?","target":"_self","categories":[]}],"short_description":""},{"name":"Vital Signs","link":"/vital-signs/global-mean-sea-level/","target":"_self","sections":[{"items":[{"name":"Global Mean Sea Level","link":"/vital-signs/global-mean-sea-level/","target":"_self","id":38},{"name":"Ocean Mass","link":"/vital-signs/ocean-mass/","target":"_self","id":39},{"name":"Steric Height","link":"/vital-signs/steric-height/","target":"_self","id":40},{"name":"Antarctica","link":"/vital-signs/antarctica/","target":"_self","id":42},{"name":"Greenland","link":"/vital-signs/greenland/","target":"_self","id":41},{"name":"By the Numbers","link":"/vital-signs/by-the-numbers/","target":"_self","id":37}]}],"id":201,"style":"gallery","meganav_style":"","features":[{"title":"GLOBAL MEAN SEA LEVEL","body":"

Explore how satellites measure rising seas and why global mean sea level is a vital indicator of our changing climate.

","subtitle":"Explore the global indicators that reveal the overall direction of sea level rise.","image_src":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBckFLIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--ebd8390c20ec2dc20f548e9aa8e124717c65535c/gallery-feature-gmsl.jpg","link":"/vital-signs/global-mean-sea-level/","link_text":"Tracking Global Sea Level Rise","target":"_self","categories":[]}],"short_description":""},{"name":"Science Team","link":"/science-team/our-approach/","target":"_self","sections":[{"items":[{"name":"Our Approach","link":"/science-team/our-approach/","target":"_self","id":188},{"name":"Team Members","link":"/science-team/team-members?page=1&itemsPerPage=50&sort=&search=&table=site_staffs&status=1&categories_id=(4+AND+(186))/","target":"_self","id":151},{"name":"Practitioner Board","link":"/science-team/practitioner-board/","target":"_self","id":202}]}],"id":16,"style":"gallery","meganav_style":"","features":[{"title":"SCIENCE TEAM","body":"

First selected in 2014, the team was recompeted in 2017 and 2020.

","subtitle":"From satellite data to local action, NASA’s Sea Level Change Team bridges science and solutions for a more resilient future.","image_src":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcDBLIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--15298fe76586e17944dc83c29e989759882e0afa/gallery-feature-team.jpeg","link":"/science-team/","link_text":"Meet the current NASA Sea Level Change Team","target":"_self","categories":[]}],"short_description":""},{"name":"Tools","link":"/tools/assessment-tools/","target":"_self","sections":[{"items":[{"name":"Assessment Tools","link":"/tools/assessment-tools/","target":"_self","id":172},{"name":"Analysis Tools","link":"/tools/analysis-tools/","target":"_self","id":176}]}],"id":203,"style":"gallery","meganav_style":"","features":[{"title":"ASSESSMENT TOOLS","body":"

Visualize and download global and local sea level projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report.

","subtitle":"Explore, analyze, and download data to understand and plan for sea level rise.","image_src":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcXdLIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--a5795cc43028fe87755a069f528615c39962f896/nslp-ipcc-projection-tool-wide-011123.jpg","link":"/tools","link_text":"IPCC AR6 Sea Level Projection Tool","target":"_self","categories":[]}],"short_description":""},{"name":"Resources","link":"/multimedia/","target":"_self","sections":[{"items":[{"name":"Multimedia","link":"/multimedia/","target":"_self","id":5},{"name":"Publications","link":"/publications/","target":"_self","id":19},{"name":"Glossary","link":"/glossary/","target":"_self","id":20},{"name":"Related Missions","link":"/related-missions/","target":"_self","id":106},{"name":"FAQ","link":"/faq/","target":"_self","id":10}]}],"id":8,"style":"gallery","meganav_style":"","features":[{"title":"FEATURED ANIMATION","body":"

An animation shows global sea level trends from 1993 to 2022 as observed by several satellite missions.

","subtitle":"Dive into NASA’s sea level change resources.","image_src":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcVVLIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--ee7459fa23e6fd02f018ac55e0f9821ca07d751d/30-years-sea-level-rise-animation.jpg","link":"/multimedia","link_text":"Tracking 30 Years of Sea Level Rise","target":"_self","categories":[]}],"short_description":""},{"name":"News & Features","link":"/news-features/sea-level-news/","target":"_self","sections":[{"items":[{"name":"Sea Level News","link":"/news-features/sea-level-news/","target":"_self","id":84},{"name":"Scientist Interviews","link":"/news-features/scientist-interviews/","target":"_self","id":13},{"name":"News Briefs","link":"/news-features/news-briefs/","target":"_self","id":164}]}],"id":6,"style":"gallery","meganav_style":"","features":[{"title":"RECENT NEWS","body":"

A NASA analysis shows global sea level rose faster than expected in 2024.

","subtitle":"Browse sea level news and features and scientist interviews.","image_src":"/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBcXNLIiwiZXhwIjpudWxsLCJwdXIiOiJibG9iX2lkIn19--ff0ff274a01950aba4b24599efea8b9c223e036c/gallery-feature-news.jpg","link":"/news/282/nasa-analysis-shows-unexpected-amount-of-sea-level-rise-in-2024/","link_text":"NASA Analysis Shows Unexpected Amount of Sea Level Rise in 2024","target":"_self","categories":[]}],"short_description":""}],"search":true,"no_hover_page_cover":true,"search_placeholder":{"placeholder":"search"},"highlight_current":{"highlight":true,"current_id":-1,"parent_ids":[]},"gsn_hover_scale":true}

A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective on Climate Model Evaluation for Antarctica

Citation